• Cough • Shortness of breath • Chest pain with breathing • Respiratory infections • Smoking history • Environmental exposure • Self-care (x-rays, immunizations)

• Chest-wall symmetry and movement • Respiratory rate • Respiratory pattern • Skin, tongue, mouth, fingers, and nail beds • Crepitus, tenderness, alignment, bulging and retractions • Skin temperature, turgor and moisture • Scars, lumps, lesions or ulcerations • Tactile fremitus • Breath sounds (resonant, hyper-resonance, dullness, flatness and tympany)

Chest-wall – barrel chest, pigeon chest, funnel chest, thoracic kyphoscoliosis Respiratory patterns – tachypnea, bradypnea, apnea, hyperpnea, Kussmaul’s respirations, Cheyne- Stokes respirations, Biot’s respirations Breath sounds – crackles, wheezes, rhonchi, stridor, pleural friction rub