22. Abnormal Findings – Respiratory

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Chest-wall: Barrel chest – large front-to-back diameter. Pigeon chest – sternum protrudes beyond front of abdomen; increased front-to-back diameter of chest. Funnel chest – depression on all or part of sternum. Thoracic kyphoscoliosis – curvature of spine; rotation of vertebrae; distortion of lung tissues. Respiratory patterns: Tachypnea – respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths/minute with shallow breathing Bradypnea – respiratory rate below 10 breaths/minute Apnea – the absence of breathing; may be life-threatening if it’s prolonged. Hyperpnea – deep, rapid breathing. Kussmaul’s respirations – rapid, deep, sighing breaths. Cheyne-Stokes respirations – deep breaths alternating with periods of apnea. Biot’s respirations – rapid, deep breaths that alternate with abrupt apneic periods. Breath sounds: Crackles – intermittent, non-musical, crackling sounds heard during inspiration; classified as fine or coarse. Wheezes – high-pitched sounds caused by blocked airflow, hear on exhalation. Rhonchi – low-pitched snoring or rattling sound; heard primarily on exhalation. Stridor – loud, high-pitched sound heard during inspiration. Pleural friction rub – low-pitched grating sound heard during inspiration and expiration; accompanied by pain.
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22. Abnormal Findings –

Respiratory

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Chest-wall: Barrel chest – large front-to-back diameter. Pigeon chest – sternum protrudes beyond front of abdomen; increased front-to-back diameter of chest. Funnel chest – depression on all or part of sternum. Thoracic kyphoscoliosis – curvature of spine; rotation of vertebrae; distortion of lung tissues. Respiratory patterns: Tachypnea – respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths/minute with shallow breathing Bradypnea – respiratory rate below 10 breaths/minute Apnea – the absence of breathing; may be life- threatening if it’s prolonged. Hyperpnea – deep, rapid breathing. Kussmaul’s respirations – rapid, deep, sighing breaths. Cheyne-Stokes respirations – deep breaths alternating with periods of apnea. Biot’s respirations – rapid, deep breaths that alternate with abrupt apneic periods. Breath sounds: Crackles – intermittent, non-musical, crackling sounds heard during inspiration; classified as fine or coarse. Wheezes – high-pitched sounds caused by blocked airflow, hear on exhalation. Rhonchi – low-pitched snoring or rattling sound; heard primarily on exhalation. Stridor – loud, high-pitched sound heard during inspiration. Pleural friction rub – low-pitched grating sound heard during inspiration and expiration; accompanied by pain.
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22. Abnormal Findings –

Respiratory

Chest-wall: Barrel chest – large front-to-back diameter. Pigeon chest – sternum protrudes beyond front of abdomen; increased front-to-back diameter of chest. Funnel chest – depression on all or part of sternum. Thoracic kyphoscoliosis – curvature of spine; rotation of vertebrae; distortion of lung tissues. Respiratory patterns: Tachypnea – respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths/minute with shallow breathing Bradypnea – respiratory rate below 10 breaths/minute Apnea – the absence of breathing; may be life-threatening if it’s prolonged. Hyperpnea – deep, rapid breathing. Kussmaul’s respirations – rapid, deep, sighing breaths. Cheyne-Stokes respirations – deep breaths alternating with periods of apnea. Biot’s respirations – rapid, deep breaths that alternate with abrupt apneic periods. Breath sounds: Crackles – intermittent, non- musical, crackling sounds heard during inspiration; classified as fine or coarse. Wheezes – high-pitched sounds caused by blocked airflow, hear on exhalation. Rhonchi – low-pitched snoring or rattling sound; heard primarily on exhalation. Stridor – loud, high-pitched sound heard during inspiration. Pleural friction rub – low-pitched grating sound heard during inspiration and expiration; accompanied by pain.