24. Abnormal Findings – Neurological
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Cranial nerve:
Olfactory impairment – inability to detect odors.
Visual impairment – visual field defects, pupillary changes, eye muscle impairment
and facial nerve impairment.
Auditory problems – hearing loss and vertigo.
Speech and swallowing impairment – aphasia and dysphagia.
Constructional problems – apraxia and agnosia.
Muscle movements:
Tics – sudden uncontrolled movements of the face, shoulders and extremities.
Tremors – involuntary, repetitive movements in the fingers, wrists, eyelids, tongue
and legs.
Fasciculations – fine twitching in small muscle groups.
Spastic gait – is a stiff, foot-dragging walk caused by unilateral leg muscle
hypertonicity; the foot tends to drag or shuffle, scraping the toes on the ground.
Scissors gait – the legs flex slightly at the hips and knees so that the person looks
like he is crouching. With each step, the thighs adduct and the knees hit or cross in a
scissor-like movement.
Propulsive gait – is characterized by a stooped, rigid posture – the head and neck
are bent forward; flexed and stiffened arms are held away from the body; fingers
are extended; and knees and hips are stiffly bent.
Steppage gait – results from footdrop caused by weakness or paralysis of the
pretibial and peroneal muscles, usually from lower motor neuron lesions. Footdrop
causes the foot to hang with the toes pointing down, causing the toes to scrape the
ground during ambulation.
Waddling gait – is a distinctive duck-like walk and usually a sign of muscular
dystrophy, spinal muscle atrophy or developmental dysplasia of the hip.
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24. Abnormal Findings –
Neurological
Cranial nerve:
Olfactory impairment – inability to detect odors.
Visual impairment – visual field defects, pupillary
changes, eye muscle impairment and facial nerve
impairment.
Auditory problems – hearing loss and vertigo.
Speech and swallowing impairment – aphasia and
dysphagia.
Constructional problems – apraxia and agnosia.
Muscle movements:
Tics – sudden uncontrolled movements of the face,
shoulders and extremities.
Tremors – involuntary, repetitive movements in the
fingers, wrists, eyelids, tongue and legs.
Fasciculations – fine twitching in small muscle
groups.
Spastic gait – is a stiff, foot-dragging walk caused by
unilateral leg muscle hypertonicity; the foot tends to
drag or shuffle, scraping the toes on the ground.
Scissors gait – the legs flex slightly at the hips and
knees so that the person looks like he is crouching.
With each step, the thighs adduct and the knees hit
or cross in a scissor-like movement.
Propulsive gait – is characterized by a stooped, rigid
posture – the head and neck are bent forward; flexed
and stiffened arms are held away from the body;
fingers are extended; and knees and hips are stiffly
bent.
Steppage gait – results from footdrop caused by
weakness or paralysis of the pretibial and peroneal
muscles, usually from lower motor neuron lesions.
Footdrop causes the foot to hang with the toes
pointing down, causing the toes to scrape the ground
during ambulation.
Waddling gait – is a distinctive duck-like walk and
usually a sign of muscular dystrophy, spinal muscle
atrophy or developmental dysplasia of the hip.
NEXT
HOME
PREVIOUS
24. Abnormal Findings –
Neurological
Cranial nerve:
Olfactory impairment – inability to
detect odors.
Visual impairment – visual field
defects, pupillary changes, eye
muscle impairment and facial nerve
impairment.
Auditory problems – hearing loss
and vertigo.
Speech and swallowing
impairment – aphasia and
dysphagia.
Constructional problems –
apraxia and agnosia.
Muscle movements:
Tics – sudden uncontrolled
movements of the face, shoulders
and extremities.
Tremors – involuntary, repetitive
movements in the fingers, wrists,
eyelids, tongue and legs.
Fasciculations – fine twitching in
small muscle groups.
Spastic gait – is a stiff, foot-
dragging walk caused by unilateral
leg muscle hypertonicity; the foot
tends to drag or shuffle, scraping
the toes on the ground.
Scissors gait – the legs flex slightly
at the hips and knees so that the
person looks like he is crouching.
With each step, the thighs adduct
and the knees hit or cross in a
scissor-like movement.
Propulsive gait – is characterized
by a stooped, rigid posture – the
head and neck are bent forward;
flexed and stiffened arms are held
away from the body; fingers are
extended; and knees and hips are
stiffly bent.
Steppage gait – results from
footdrop caused by weakness or
paralysis of the pretibial and
peroneal muscles, usually from
lower motor neuron lesions.
Footdrop causes the foot to hang
with the toes pointing down,
causing the toes to scrape the
ground during ambulation.
Waddling gait – is a distinctive
duck-like walk and usually a sign of
muscular dystrophy, spinal muscle
atrophy or developmental dysplasia
of the hip.
